Shale Gas Goes Global
Calgary-based Talisman Energy Inc. is helping to take North America’s shale-gas boom global.
Already a major investor in the most prolific plays in the United States and Canada, Talisman is completing seismic work and planning to drill several wells in Poland in the coming year, joining a rush of companies eager to develop Eastern Europe’s unconventional gas fields.
Talisman has teamed with Dublin-based junior, San Leon Energy PLC, and plans to drill three wells by mid-2011. The company is pursuing opportunities in Europe even as it eases back somewhat on North American spending due to low gas prices. But Talisman cautions against some of the wildly optimistic forecasts of a North American-type upswing in European gas production.
In the U.S. and Canada, the shale gas boom has been called a “game changer” that promises abundant supplies of relatively low-cost fuel for decades.
While there are believed to be major deposits of natural gas trapped in shale deposits across Eastern Europe, companies are only beginning to explore the commercial potential, and warn a shortage of drilling equipment and skilled labour could act as a brake on development.
“Not all share gas deposits are created equal,” Talisman spokesman David Mann said in an interview. While the company has had some seismic success, it still must gauge the nature of the deposits. That includes whether the brittleness of the rock would make it susceptible to hydraulic fracturing – the technique used to crack the shale and release the trapped gas.
The coming year will see a major expansion of investment in shale gas plays around the world, notably in Europe, China, India and perhaps even South America. Companies and host countries hope to repeat the North American experience that has transformed energy markets across the continent.
The enormous shale gas potential will reshape global energy markets over the next decades, loosening Russia’s grip on the European market, undermining the economics of massive liquefied natural gas (LNG) projects, and enhancing energy security for major importers such as China and India.
“It’s a big play,” says Amy Myers Jaffe, associate director of the energy program at Houston’s Rice University. “I think it is the gas equivalent to deep-water drilling for oil. We went from getting no oil from deep water, to having it now be 5 per cent of global production, with predictions that it will get to 30 per cent. This is going to be the same thing for shale gas.”
Unlike the development of the North American shale gas industry where independents led the way, industry giants are spearheading the foreign effort. In Poland, U.S. majors like Houston-based ConocoPhillips Co. and Chevron Corp. of San Ramon, Calif., have significant land positions and are pursuing development plans. France’s Total SA said this month / in December that it is studying investments in the Eastern European country. Exxon Mobil Corp. has land positions in Germany – where is it already producing conventional gas – as well as Poland and Hungary.
Poland is believed to have a vast resource, though the cost of extracting it could be a barrier to commercialization.
Scotland-based consultants, Wood Mackenzie, has estimated Poland’s shale resource to be as much as 48 trillion cubic feet - equivalent to nearly half of European’s proven gas reserves.
European governments are salivating over the prospect of domestic production, given their reliance on imports from Russia’s OAO Gazprom, which has experienced disruptions in exports twice in recent years due to political and commercial disputes with transit states like Ukraine.
“That’s one of the key reasons that some of the European governments are behind U.S.-based firms coming in and exploring some of these plays - it’s a security-of-supply issue,” said Robert Clarke, manager for unconventional gas services with Wood Mackenzie. “They are hoping they can diversify where their gas comes from in the longer term.”
Similarly, China and India are eager to exploit unconventional gas deposits in their countries to reduce their dependence on foreign sources.
China, for example, has set a production target of one trillion cubic feet per year from shale, tight-gas formations and coal-bed methane - an amount equivalent to 30 per cent of the country’s 2010 consumption.
Chinese state-owned companies are investing in North American shale plays, in part to gain expertise needed to develop their domestic resource. China National Petroleum Corp. is negotiating a joint venture with Calgary-based Encana Corp. to develop properties in B.C.’s Montney and Horn River areas. CNOOC Ltd. - a subsidiary of China National - paid $2.16-billion (U.S.) for a one-third interest in Chesapeake Corp.’s Eagle Ford shale play in south Texas.
Ms. Jaffe of Rice University said the Chinese are investing to gain know-how as much as a share in production revenues. In fact, the U.S. and Chinese have established a formal process to share expertise on shale gas development among experts from industry, government and universities.
“Obviously the Chinese take [their own shale potential] seriously or you wouldn’t have seen the types of investment you are seeing,” she said. “They did this deal with Chesapeake to learn what the business model is, and gain experience in the United States.”
In turn, Exxon, Royal Dutch Shell PLC, and BP PLC will all be pursuing opportunities to develop shale, tight gas or coal-bed methane properties in China.
India’s largest energy company, Reliance Industries Ltd., has also plowed money into U.S. shale plays, and New Delhi signed an agreement this year with the U.S. to benefit from American technical expertise. India plans to auction off land for shale gas development before the end of 2011.
The shale gas business will develop more slowly internationally than it did in the United States, which had the expertise, infrastructure and mature markets to drive down costs and rapidly turn potential into production.
But the seeds of a global gas boom are firmly planted and will be sprouting in the coming year.
Source: Globe & Mail